Mobile node and communication control method

ABSTRACT

A technology is disclosed for a mobile device with multiple interfaces to make use of its multiple interfaces capability with Mobile IP. According to this technology, MN (Mobile Node)  100  comprises a cellular interface to connect to the cellular network  112  and a Wireless-LAN interface to connect to the local network  122  and  132,  and sends a Binding Update message to set the address of the Wireless-LAN interface to CoA (Care-of Address) to HA (Home Agent) at the cellular network or CN (Correspondent Node)  160.  This Binding Update message includes a special label indication that the cellular interface is currently connected to the home network.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the technology of telecommunication ina packet-switched data communication network. More particularly, thepresent invention relates to the technology for controllingcommunication of a mobile node with multiple access interfaces.

BACKGROUND ART

Nowadays, technological advances have enabled people to get connected tothe Internet anytime and anywhere. In fact, people are relying more andmore on the continued connectivity to the Internet in different faces ofour everyday lives: for business, for study, for entertainment, and forpersonal use. To such ends, recent development in wireless technologieseven allows us to get connected while on the move. Multimode terminalswith the ability to connect to the Internet using a wide range of accesstechnologies, such as Third Generation (3G) cellular networks, GeneralPacket Radio Service (GPRS), IEEE 802.11a/b/g and Bluetooth are alsogetting more popular.

Various portable computing devices such as handheld mobiles, laptops andpersonal digital assistants (PDAs) with enhanced networking capabilitieshave increased the demand for seamless communication both in wired andwireless networks. Increased use of multimedia contents such as videoconferencing makes seamless communication an essential and requiredfeature in mobile connections. Practical mobility management shouldprovide seamless handoff where the user does not observe communicationdisruptions. Today's mobile data networks commonly consist of severalwireless overlapping networks, supporting different data rates andgeographical coverage and can only be accessed via media specific airinterfaces.

Many devices today communicate with each other using the InternetProtocol (IP). In order to provide mobility support to mobile devices,the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has developed the MobilitySupport in IPv6 (see the following Non-patent Document 1). In Mobile IP,each mobile node has a permanent home domain. When the mobile node isattached to its home network, it is assigned a primary global addressknown as a home address (HoA). In this specification, the situation thatthe mobile node is attached to its home network is also called “athome”.

When the mobile node is away, i.e. attached to some other foreignnetworks, it is usually assigned a temporary global address known as acare-of address (CoA). The idea of mobility support is such that themobile node can be reached at the HoA even when it is attached to otherforeign networks.

This is done in the Non-patent Document 1 with an introduction of anentity at the home network known as a home agent (HA). Mobile noderegisters its CoA with the home agent using messages known as BindingUpdates (BU). This allows the home agent to create a binding between theHoA and CoA of the mobile node. The home agent is responsible tointercept messages that are addressed to the mobile node's CoA, andforward the packet to the mobile node's CoA using packet encapsulation(i.e. putting one packet as the payload of a new packet, also known aspacket tunneling).

Binding Update messages can also be sent to the peer the mobile node iscommunicating with, known as the correspondent node (CN), so thecorrespondent node can send packets meant for the home address of themobile node to the care-of address of the mobile node.

[Patent Document 1] European Patent Publication EP1432198

[Patent Document 2] PCT Patent Publication WO 00/42755

[Patent Document 3] Publication of US Patent Application 2004-0142657

[Non-patent Document 1] Johnson, D. B., Perkins, C. E., and Arkko, J.,“Mobility Support in IPv6”, Internet Engineering Task Force Request ForComments 3775, June 2004.

[Non-patent Document 2] Wakikawa, R., “Multiple Care-of AddressesRegistration”, Internet Draft:draft-wakikawa-mobileip-multiplecoa-03.txt (expired), July 2004.

Mobile T-IPv6, however, is ill-suited to take advantage of the fact thata mobile node can have multiple access interfaces, which is getting moreand more common. For instance, all notebook computers these days haveboth 802.11/ab/g and Bluetooth interfaces. Phones with 3G, bluetooth,and wireless-LAN capabilities are already beginning to appear in themarket.

A few prior arts have attempted to make use of multiple accessinterfaces with Mobile IP. The Patent Document 1 describes a method ofhandover of flows using different home addresses. Although this allowsthe mobile node to make use of multiple accesses to ease handovers, itdoes not describe how a mobile node can use both interfacessimultaneously.

For that, the Patent Document 2 proposes a mechanism that allows themobile node to transmit connectivity information to its home agent, thusallowing its home agent to forward packets according to suchconnectivity information. This is, however, restricted to only the homeagent. It is unclear how the correspondent node can receive suchconnectivity information.

The Patent Document 3 describes a method for the mobile node toselectively register different care-of addresses with its home agent andcorrespondent node. The Non-Patent Document 2 suggests a way for amobile node to bind multiple care-of addresses to the same home addressat the home agent and correspondent node.

Although the Patent Document 3 and Non-Patent document 2 specify waysfor a mobile node to make use of multiple addresses at once, they sufferfrom two main constraints.

Firstly, care-of address registration cannot be used when one of theinterfaces is at home. It is a common scenario for a mobile device tohave a wireless-LAN interface for hotspot surfing, and a 3G (or GPRS)connection. It is usually the 3G connection that provides Mobile IPservices. However, as 3G and GPRS services typically have a widecoverage, the mobile device is usually connected to its home networkmost of the time. In such cases, both the Patent Document 3 andNon-Patent document 2 cannot be used.

Secondly, both the Patent Document 3 and Non-Patent document 2 rely onthe existence of home agents. Although it is a growing trend amongservice providers to provide Mobile IP services, many cellular operatorshave yet to offer home agent services to their subscribers. When thereis no home agent available, both the Patent Document 3 and Non-Patentdocument 2 cannot be used.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

It is thus an object of the present invention to overcome or at leastsubstantially ameliorate the aforementioned disadvantages andshortcomings of the prior art. Specifically, it is an object of thepresent invention to provide a method for a mobile device with multipleinterfaces to make use of its multiple interfaces capability with MobileIP, regardless whether if one of its interfaces is currently connectedat home or not. A further object is to provide a similar method for amobile device with multiple interfaces to make use of its multipleinterfaces capability with Mobile IP, regardless of whether its serviceproviders offer Mobile IPv6 services or not.

To attain the above-mentioned object of the present invention, themobile node of the present invention is a mobile node implementingMobile IP and being movable, comprising:

a plurality of network interfaces;

means for choosing one of addresses configured on the plurality ofnetwork interfaces as a home address;

means for associating an address configured on another interface whichis different from the interface of the chosen address as the homeaddress, with a care-of for the home address; and

means for sending a message including information on a binding betweenthe home address and the care-of address, to a correspondent node thatthe mobile node communicates with or a home agent that manages thechosen address as the home address.

Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned mobile node, the mobilenode of the present invention comprises means for inserting, into themessage, information indicating that the network interface chosen as thehome address is currently connected to a home network.

Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned mobile node, the mobilenode of the present invention comprises:

means for configuring a care-of address for the home address on thenetwork interface chosen as the home address even if the networkinterface chosen as the home address is currently connected to a homenetwork; and

means for inserting the care-of address on the network interface chosenas the home address into the message.

Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned mobile node, in themobile node of the present invention, the address chosen as the homeaddress is an address available within a wide coverage area, and anaddress configured on the other network interface chosen as the care-ofaddress is an address available within a smaller service area than thewide service area.

Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned mobile node, the mobilenode of the present invention comprises means for determining whetherthe mobile node sends the message including information on the bindingbetween the home address and the care-of address or not whenestablishing a new session, based on an expected duration of the sessionor a type of data delivered on the session.

To attain the above-mentioned object of the present invention, thecommunication control method of the present invention is a communicationcontrol method performed in a mobile node with a plurality of networkinterfaces, the mobile node implementing Mobile IP and being movable,the communication control method comprising the steps of:

choosing one of addresses configured on the plurality of networkinterfaces as a home address;

associating an address configured on another interface which isdifferent from the interface of the chosen address as the home address,with a care-of for the home address; and

sending a message including information on a binding between the homeaddress and the care-of address, to a correspondent node that the mobilenode communicates with or a home agent that manages the chosen addressas the home address.

Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned mobile node, thecommunication control of the present invention comprises a step ofinserting, into the message, information indicating that the networkinterface chosen as the home address is currently connected to a homenetwork.

Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned mobile node, thecommunication control of the present invention comprises the steps of:

configuring a care-of address for the home address on the networkinterface chosen as the home address even if the network interfacechosen as the home address is currently connected to a home network; and

inserting the care-of address on the network interface chosen as thehome address into the message.

Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned mobile node, in thecommunication control of the present invention, the address chosen asthe home address is an address available within a wide coverage area,and an address configured on the other network interface chosen as thecare-of address is an address available within a smaller service areathan the wide service area.

Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned mobile node, thecommunication control of the present invention comprises a step ofdetermining whether the mobile node sends the message includinginformation on the binding between the home address and the care-ofaddress or not when establishing a new session, based on an expectedduration of the session or a type of data delivered on the session.

The present invention has the advantage that a mobile device withmultiple interfaces can make use of its multiple interfaces capabilitywith Mobile IP, regardless whether if one of its interfaces is currentlyconnected at home or not. Furthermore, the present invention also hasthe advantage that a mobile device with multiple interfaces can make useof its multiple interfaces capability with Mobile IP, regardless ofwhether its service providers offer Mobile IPv6 services or not.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the network composition according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the contents of BU messageused in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the network composition to explain theadvantage of the case that a special BU message is used, according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a network composition diagram schematically showing the modeof operation when there is no home agent according to the embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a functional architecture of the mobile nodeaccording to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart explaining an example of an algorithm in which theinterface controller can use to select the appropriate network interfacefor packet transmission according to the embodiment of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 7 is a flowchart explaining an example of an algorithm used by theinterface controller to select a source address for use by applicationslayer given the expected duration of the new session.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Description will be given below on the preferred aspects of the presentinvention referring to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing thenetwork composition according to an embodiment of the present invention.As illustrated in FIG. 1, a mobile node has two network accessinterfaces. The first access interface is connected to the access router(AR) 110, which provides a wide coverage area (service area) 114. Thefirst access interlace can be typically connected to, for example, acellular packet-switched network (cellular network) 112, such as the 3Gor GPRS network. For clarity purpose, this first access interface ishenceforth referred to as the C-Interface.

The second access interface is connected to the access router (AR) 120,which provides a smaller coverage area (service area) 124. The firstaccess interface can be typically connected to a wireless local areanetwork, such as the 802.11a/b/g. Shown in FIG. 1 is another accessrouter (AR) 130, which provides the same form of connection technologyas AR 120. AR 130 has also a small coverage area 134. For claritypurpose, this second access interface is henceforth referred to as theW-Interface.

The MN 100 obtains is connectivity to the global communication network,such as the Internet 150, through AR 110 via the cellular network 112,of which AR 110 is part of the network. Alternatively, MN 100 can alsoreach the Internet 150 via AR 120 through the local network 122, ofwhich AR 120 is part of the network.

Suppose MN 100 is communicating with a correspondent node (CN) 160somewhere in the Internet 150. To reach MN 100, CN 160 can use multipleroutes with multiple interfaces and multiple connections. The firstroute, shown in FIG. 1, is through the path 116, via the cellularnetwork 112 and AR 110 using the C-Interface of MN 100. The secondroute, shown in FIG. 1, is through the path 126, via the local network122 and AR 120 using the W-Interface of MN 100.

Typically, the C-Interface link between AR 110 and MN 100 has a narrowbandwidth (compared to W-Interface link between AR 120 and MN 100), sothe path 116 is slower compared to the path 126. However, if MN 100 ismoving, the W-Interface between MN 100 and AR 120 is more likely tobreak because the coverage area 124 is a lot smaller than the coveragearea 114. As indicated in FIG. 1, once MN 100 moves out of the coveragearea 124 and enters the coverage area 134, it will break its associationwith AR 120 and establish a new association with AR 130. The path 126will then be broken.

In order for the communication session not to be broken, CN 160 can usethe path 116 instead of the path 126. This means, however, the bandwidthavailable is much smaller. To solve this problem, one preferableembodiment of the present invention allows the MN 100 to send a specialbinding update (BU) message to its home agent (HA) 118 provided by thecellular network 112. In this BU message, MN 100 will register theaddress it configures from the network interface connected to localnetwork 122 as a care-of address (CoA). The address from the networkinterface connected to the cellular network 112 is obviously the homeaddress (HoA). The technology according to the Non-Patent Document 1does not allow this form of binding update because MN 100 is currentlyattached to the cellular network 112 (i.e. MN 100 is at home). Thepresent invention overcomes this by allowing MN 120 to register morethan one CoA in a BU message. In the BU message, MN 100 will specifythat it has two interfaces. One of them has the CoA configured from theW-interface connected to local network 122. The other interface (i.e.C-Interface) that is connected to the cellular network 112 has a specialCoA that identifies itself as an “at-home” label. When HA 118 receivessuch a BU message, it will know that the MN 100 is reachable by twoaddresses: one is directly at the HoA of MN 100, due to the special“at-home” label; and the other is at the CoA from local network 122.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the contents of BU messageused in the embodiment of the present invention. The source addressfield 202 and destination address field 204 of the BU message 200, shownin FIG. 2, should contain an address of MN 100 and the address of HA 118respectively. The BU message should contain a Home Address Option (HAO)210 to convey the HoA of MN 100.

The actual content of the BU message is stored in the mobility header220. The type field 222 specifies this message as a Binding Updatemessage, and the Length field 224 specifies the size of the mobilityheader 220. The sequence number field 226 is a monotonically increasingnumber to identify the BU message and also protects against replayattacks. The lifetime field 228 indicates the length of time withinwhich the bindings specified in the BU message is valid.

The BU message 200 can contain zero, one, or more care-of addressoptions 240. In this case, as an example, two care-of address options240-1 and 240-2 are illustrated. Each care-of address option 240contains an Interface ID field 242 to identify the network interface,and an Address field 244 to specify the CoA associated with the networkinterface. The Interface ID is preferably uniquely assigned by themobile node. There may be other fields in the care-of address option240, such as those conveying preference values, but are omitted fromFIG. 2. The Interface ID field 242 can be omitted in case of no need toidentify the Interface ID.

Using the example in FIG. 1, MN 100 will send HA 118 with a BU message200 containing two care-of address options. The first care-of addressoption 240-1 will have an Interface ID field 242-1 that identifies theC-Interface connected to AR 110. The address field 242-1 will contain aspecial label that identifies as the “at-home” label. This informs HA118 that this C-Interface is currently attached to the home network.

The second care-of address option 240-2 will have an Interface ID filed242-2 that identifies the W-Interface connected to AR 120. The addressfield 242-2 will contain the CoA configured from the local network 122.

The special “at-home” label can be any pre-defined series of bitpatterns. Preferably, the “at-home” label can be the all-zero address orthe all-one address. Yet another preferable approach is to define the“at-home” label to be identical to the HoA of MN 100.

It should be obvious to a person skilled in the art that even though theabove example specifies that the two care-of addresses are inserted in asingle BU message, the same effect can be achieved with two separate BUmessages, each specifying one CoA.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the network composition to explain theadvantage of the case that a special BU message is used, according to anembodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, CN 160 will alwaystransmit packets to the HoA of MN 100. The packet will follow the oath300 and reach HA 118. HA 118 will intercept the packet, and look at itsbinding cache table. HA 118 will find that MN 100 has two connectedinterfaces, one at the specified CoA from local network 122, and theother has an “at-home” label.

Based on pre-determined criteria (such as preference settings or someflow label marked on the packet), HA 118 can forward the packet via thepath 310 or path 320. The path 310 means HA 118 does not need toencapsulate the packet, since the destination address, which is the HoAof MN 100, remains unchanged. If the path 320 is chosen, then HA 118needs to encapsulate the packet and forward it to the CoA of MN 100 viathe local network 122. Normally, the path 320 should be chosen, sincethe W-Interface link has a higher bandwidth. Even after MN 100 has movedto the coverage area 134 (and is attached to AR 130), packet delivery isnot disrupted as long as after MN 100 has changed its CoA on theW-Interface, it updates HA 118 with a new BU message.

It should be obvious to a person skilled in the art that the same effectcan be achieved if MN 100 sends the same BU message to CN 160. In thiscase, CN 160 will know that MN 100 is reachable via two paths: onethrough AR 110 using the C-Interface and the other through AR 120 usingthe W-Interface. Normally, the path through AR 120 should be chosen,since the W-Interface link has a higher bandwidth. Even after MN 100 hasmoved to the coverage area 134 (and is attached to AR 130), packetdelivery is not disrupted as long as after MN 100 has changed its CoA onthe W-Interface, it updates CN 160 with a new BU message.

According to a preferred mode of operation of the present invention inthe above description, the home agent needs to understand the “at-home”label. We now provide another preferred mode of operation where the homeagent does not understand the “at-home” label. This mode of operation isto make the home agent determine (believe) that MN 100 is not at itshome network even when MN 100 is attached to its home network.

Usually, MN 100 will be pre-assigned a HoA to use when it is connectedto its home network (i.e. cellular network 112) via its C-Interface. Inanother preferred mode of operation of the present invention, MN 100will auto-configure a second address on its C-Interface based on theprefix advertised by AR 110. This second address must be different fromits assigned HoA. MN 100 uses this second address as a CoA for itsC-Interface. Thus, MN 100 will send to HA 118 a BU message similar tothat described previously.

The BU message will also contain two care-of address options 240-1 and240-2. The first care-of address option 240-1 will have an Interface IDfield 242-1 that identifies the C-Interface connected to AR 110, and theaddress field 244-1. The address field 244-1 will contain the secondaddress auto-configured on its C-Interface. The second care-of addressoption 240-2 will have an Interface ID filed 242-2 that identifies theW-Interface connected to AR 120, and the address field 244-2. Theaddress field 244-2 will contain the CoA configured from the localnetwork 122.

It should be obvious to a person skilled in the art that even though theabove example specifies that the two care-of addresses are inserted in asingle BU message, the same effect can be achieved with two separate BUmessages, each specifying one CoA.

Referring FIG. 3 again, the effect of this BU message will be described.CN 160 will always transmit packets to the HoA of MN 100. The packetwill follow the path 300, and reach HA 118. HA 118 will intercept thepacket, and look at its binding cache table. HA 118 will find that MN100 has two connected interfaces, one at the second CoA using theC-Interface, and one at the CoA using the W-Interface.

Based on pre-determined criteria (such as preference settings or someflow label marked on the packet), HA 118 can forward the packet via path310 or path 320. For any one of paths, HA 118 needs to encapsulate theoriginal packet, since the destination address has been changed.Normally, path 320 should be chosen, since the W-Interface link has ahigher bandwidth. Even after MN 100 has moved to the coverage area 134(and is attached to access router AR 130), packet delivery is notdisrupted as long as after MN 100 has changed its CoA on theW-Interface, it updates HA 118 with a new BU message.

This preferred mode of operation effectively allows MN to trick HA 118into thinking that MN 100 is not at home, even though its C-Interface isconnected to the cellular network 112. It should be obvious to a personskilled in the art that the same effect can be achieved if MN 100 sendsthe same BU message to CN 160. Tn this case, CN 160 will know that MN100 is reachable via two paths: one through AR 110 using the C-Interfaceand the other through AR 120 using the W-Interface. Normally, the paththrough AR 120 should be chosen, since the W-Interface link has a higherbandwidth. Even after MN 100 has moved to the coverage area 134 (and isattached to access router AR 130), packet delivery is not disrupted aslong as after MN 100 has changed its CoA on the W-Interface, it updatesCN 160 with a new BU message.

The above description illustrates two preferred modes of operation ofthe present invention. However, they require the presence of a homeagent that supports the registration of multiple CoAs. We now provideyet another preferred mode of operation where the home agent does notneed to support the registration of multiple CoAs. In this mode ofoperation, there is even no need for there to be any home agentprovided. This is best illustrated in FIG. 4.

FIG. 4 is a network composition diagram schematically showing the modeof operation when there is no home agent according to the embodiment ofthe present invention. When MN 100 wishes to establish with, say CN 160,a session, which will survive for a relatively long period of time, itwould first establish the session using the address of the C-Interface.In order to use the W-Interface which offers a higher bandwidth, MN 100will next initiate the return routability procedure with CN 160 asspecified by the Non-Patent Document 1. However, the virtue of thepresent invention lies in the fact that MN 100 does not need to have abi-directional tunnel established with a home agent to start the returnroutability procedure, unlike the requirement of the Non-PatenDocument 1. MN 100 simply transmits the home test init HoTI) message 400to CN 160 through the C-Interface. In the prior-art, the HoTI messageneeds to be transmitted through the home-agent. In addition, MN 100 willtransmit the care-of test init (CoTI) message 420 through theW-Interface. Here, the HoTI message 400 will have a source address equalto the address of the C-Interface, and the CoTI message 420 will have asource address equal to the address of the W-Interface. Both the HoTImessage 400 and CoTI message 420 will have a destination address equalto the address of CN 160.

According to the return routability procedure, CN 160 will respond tothe HoTI message 400 with a home test (HoT) message 410 transmitted tothe address of the C-interface of MN 100. This HoT message 410 willreach MN 100 via the cellular network 112. According to the prior art, aHoT message must be Intercepted by the home agent and forwarded to theCoA of the mobile node. In the present invention, since MN 100 isconnected directly to the cellular network 112, the HoT message 410 willbe sent directly to the C-Interface of MN 100, without any need for thehome agent to intercept and forward.

In addition, CN 160 will respond to the CoTI message 420 with a care-oftest (CoT) message 430 transmitted to the address of the C-Interface ofMN 100. After receiving both the HoT message 410 and CoT message 430, MN100 can complete the return routability procedure by sending to CN 160 aBU message 440. The BU message 440 will have the source address equal tothe address of the W-Interface. This serves as the CoA. The BU message440 will also contain a home address destination option (HAO) thatspecifies the HoA as equal to the address of the C-Interface.

Effectively, this preferred mode of operation allows MN 100 to use theaddress on the long-ranged C-Interface (with a wide service area) as aHoA, and use the address on the short-ranged W-Interface (with a smallservice area) as a CoA, regardless of the existence of a home agent.Since the C-Interface is long-ranged, there will not be frequent changesto the HoA, thus allowing prolonged session continuity. Furthermore,since the CoA is configured from the W-Interface that has a higherbandwidth, the session can enjoy a much higher transmission rate. Evenwhen MN 100 later leaves the coverage area 124 (thus disconnected fromAR 120) and enters a new coverage area 134 (thus connected to AR 130),it can send a new BU message 450 specifying the new address of theW-Interface as the CoA, and thus enjoy prolonged session continuity.

Referring to FIG. 5, a functional architecture of MN 100 will bedescribed to implement the preferred embodiment of the presentinvention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a functional architecture of themobile node according to the embodiment of the present invention. MN 100consists of a plurality of network interfaces 510-1 through 510-n, nbeing an integer greater than 1, an interface controller 520, an IPstack 530, a transport stack 540, and applications layer 550.

Each network interface 510-x (x being any integer from 1 to n) is afunctional block that represents all networking hardware, software andprotocols that are necessary to allow the MN 100 to communicate withother nodes using an access technology. For instance, under theInternational Standards Organization's (ISO) Open System Interconnect(OSI) 7-layers model, the network interface 510-x will encompass thePhysical and Data Link Layers. An example will be that network interface510-1 represents the physical hardware and software drivers for 3Gaccess, and network interface 510-2 represents the physical hardware andsoftware drivers for 802.11g access.

The interface controller 520 selects the interface for the transmissionand reception of a packet. This is typically the job of the IP stack 530in prior art. The present invention, however, has a unique functionalityto be implemented on the interface controller 520 as will be specifiedlater. Packets received by any network interface 510-x will be passed tothe interface controller 520 via the packet path data path 515-x.Similarly, after the interface controller 520 has selected a networkinterface 510-x for the transmission of a packet, the packet will bepassed to the network interface 510-x via the packet data path 515-x.

The IP stack 530 handles all processing with respect to routing in theinternetworking layer. Under the OSI model, it encompasses allfunctionalities of Network Layer. It basically implements the IPv6functionality. Because MN 100 is mobile, the IP stack 530 consists of aMobile IP module 535 that implements the Mobile IPv6 functionality asspecified in the Non-Patent Document 1. Any packet that is received bythe interface controller 520 is passed to the IP stack 530 via thepacket data path 525. Similarly, any packet that IP stack 530 needs todeliver will be passed to the interface controller 520 via the packetdata path 525. The interface controller 520 sometimes needs to pass orreceive packets directly from the Mobile IP module 535. This is done viathe packet data path 526.

The transport stack 540 handles all transport session protocols, such asTransmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP).Under the OSI model, it encompasses all functionalities of Session andTransport Layers. When the transport stack 540 has some data totransmit, it will pass it down to the IP stack 530 via the data path545. Similarly, when the IP stack 530 receives data for the transportstack 540, the data will be passed via the data path 545.

The applications layer 550 represents all software and user programsthat require network communication with other nodes. Under the OSImodel, it encompasses all functionalities of Applications andPresentation Layers. When the applications layer 550 has data totransmit, it will usually pass it down to the transport stack 540 forpacketization via the data path 555. Sometimes, the applications layer550 may choose to pass chunks of data down directly to IP stack 530 viathe data path 556. Similarly, the applications layer 550 can retrievereceived data from the transport stack 540 via the data path 555 or fromthe IP stack 530 via the data path 556. There is also a signal path 557that allows applications layer 550 to transmit/receive certain signalsto/from the interface controller 520. The use of this signal path 557will become clear later.

Because the present invention allows the mobile node to use an addressfrom one interface as the HoA and an address from another interface asCoA, the traditionally assumed relationship between addresses andnetwork interfaces in prior arts no longer holds true. Therefore, thereis a need for a mechanism to select the network interface when a packetneeds to be transmitted. One preferred way is to implement suchfunctionality in the interface controller 520.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart explaining an example of an algorithm in which theinterface controller can use to select the appropriate network interfacefor packet transmission according to the embodiment of the presentinvention. As shown in FIG. 6, in step 610, the source address of thepacket is first checked if it is equal to the HoA. This HoA is eitherspecified by the service provider, if the service provider providesMobil IPv6 services, or it can be one that MN 100 selects (usually bechoosing the address of the network interface 510-x which offers thelongest range of connectivity).

If the source address does not equal the HoA, step 640 will be takenwhere the network interface 510-x will be selected based on whichinterface the source address is configured from. On the other hand, ifthe source address equals the HoA, step 620 will be taken. In this step620, the destination address is checked if on its binding update list.If not, step 640 will be taken where the network interface 510-x will beselected based on which interface the source address is configured from.However, if the destination address is on its binding update list, step630 will be taken where the source address (i.e. HoA) of the packet ischanged to the CoA specified in the binding update list, and a homeaddress destination option (HAO) is inserted into the packet header.Step 640 is next taken, where the network interface 510-x will beselected based on which interface the source address (i.e. CoA) isconfigured from.

Although the present invention allows the mobile node to enjoy prolongedsession continuity through the use of HoA from a long-ranged interfaceand high transmission rate through the use of CoA from a high bandwidthinterface, there are overheads involved. This overhead appears as theform of signalling messages for binding update messages and possiblymessages required for return routability procedure. Such overhead is anacceptable cost if prolonged session continuity is required. If sessioncontinuity is not necessary, then such overheads are incurred for noextra benefits.

For instance, consider a typical web browsing application. The browsersimply needs to send a web request to the web server, and the web serverresponds with the requested web page. The round-trip time is generallyvery short for typical web pages, and the retrieval protocol generallyallows partial contents retrieval so that an application can suspend alarge image download halfway, and later resume the download with a newsource address. In this type of applications, session continuity is notnecessary, and the overhead of signalling introduced by the presentinvention is more significant (since the actual data transmission periodis short). Only applications such as real-time multimedia stream, VoIP(voice-over-IP), or video-conferencing applications would requireprolonged session continuity.

For this reason, the present invention provides a mechanism forapplications to turn on or off the operation of the present invention.One preferred mode of operation is to utilize the signal path 557 shownin FIG. 5. This is used by the applications layer 550 to query theinterface controller 520 for determining the source address to use whenestablishing a new session. In this query, the interface controller 520should be notified how long the session is expected to last. Base onthis information, the interface controller 520 can then determinewhether or not the mechanisms specified in the present invention shouldbe activated. Preferably, the interface controller 520 can deduce theexpected duration within which a high-bandwidth network interface willremain within the coverage area of the same access router. This can becomputed if the interface controller 520 can estimate the velocity of MN100, and the operating parameters (such as transmission power, operatingfrequency) of the particular network interface.

Also note the signal path 557 is merely a conceptual representation. Itshould be obvious to any person skilled in the relevant art that it caneasily be implemented using other mechanisms. For instance, in UNIXenvironment, the kernel implementation uses a data structure known assocket buffer to pass messages between different layers in a networkprotocol stack. An implementation of the signal path 557 can thereforebe a field in the socket buffer that can be set by the applications, andread by the interface controller 520.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart explaining an example of an algorithm used by theinterface controller to select a source address for use by applicationslayer given the expected duration of the new session. As shown in FIG.7, in step 710, the expected duration is first checked to see if it islong-lived. By long-lived, it means that the expected duration of thesession is longer than the expected duration within which thehigh-bandwidth interface (e.g. W-Interface) will remain within the samecoverage area.

If the session is not long-lived, step 720 is taken where the address ofthe high-bandwidth interface is used as the source address of thesession. On the other hand, if the session is long-lived, step 730 istaken where the mobile node checks if the service provider provides anyMobile IP services. In particular, existence of the services of a homeagent is checked. If no Mobile IP service (mobility service) isprovided, step 770 is taken, else step 740 is taken.

In step 770, the address of the long-ranged interface (e.g. C-Interface)is selected as a HoA. Return routability (RR) procedure is theninitiated with the destination, such as that described in FIG. 4. Theselected HoA will be used as the source address (the address of themobile node) of the session.

In step 740, the home agent is checked to see if it supports the“at-home” label. If the home agent supports the “at-home” label, thenstep 750 is taken where a BU message containing two care-of addressoptions is sent to the home agent. One care-of address option specifiesthe “at-home” label, and the other care-of address option specifies theaddress of a high-bandwidth interface as the CoA. The HoA associatedwith the home agent is used as the source address (the address of themobile node) of the session.

If the home agent does not support the “at-home” label, it is thenchecked if the home agent supports multiple CoA registrations, as shownin step 760. If the home agent does not support multiple CoAregistrations, step 770 will be taken. If its does support multiple CoAregistrations, step 780 will be taken. When the mobile node does notsupport the use of the “at-home” label, the mobile node does not need toimplement the means for performing the operation about the “at-home”label.

In step 780, the mobile node first auto-configures a new address at thelong-ranged interface (e.g. W-interface). This new address is then usedas an alternate CoA of the HoA of the long-ranged interface, in additionto the address of the high-bandwidth interface. This is done by sendingthe home agent a binding update message containing two care-of addressoptions. The first care-of address option specifies the newly configuredaddress of the long-ranged interface, and the second care-of addressoption specifies the address of the high-bandwidth interface.

Although the invention has been herein shown and described in what isconceived to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it will beappreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications maybe made in details of design and parameters without departing from thescope and ambit of the invention. For instance, the present invention isexplained using the example of a mobile terminal with only two networkinterfaces. It will be obvious to a person skilled in the relevant artthat the present invention can easily be applied to a mobile terminalwith three or more network interfaces. Furthermore, it will also beobvious that the present invention can also be applied if the mobileterminal is actually a mobile router with multiple network interfaces.

Each functional block used in the above-mentioned embodiments of thepresent invention is typically realized as an LSI (Large ScaleIntegrated Circuit) which is an Integrated Circuit. Functional blockscan be processed into 1-chip respectively, and part or all of functionalblocks can be processed into 1-chip so as to be included in 1-chip. Theabove LSI can be called IC (Integrated Circuit), System LSI or SuperLSI, according to the degree of integration.

Furthermore, the way to be processed into Integrated Circuit is not onlyto manufacture LSI but also to produce a dedicated circuit or a generalprocessor. After manufacturing LSI, FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)to be programmable, or Reconfigurable Processor to be reconfigureconnection or configuration of circuit cells in LSI can be utilized.

Furthermore, it another new technology of integration substituting forLSI appears due to development of the semiconductor technology orcreation of another technology, functional blocks can be of courseintegrated by using the new technology. For example, the biologicaltechnology may be the new technology.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention has the advantage that a mobile device withmultiple interfaces can make use of its multiple interfaces capabilitywith Mobile IP, regardless whether if one of its interfaces is currentlyconnected at home or not. Furthermore, the present invention also hasthe advantage that a mobile device with multiple interfaces can make useof its multiple interfaces capability with Mobile IP, regardless ofwhether its service providers offer Mobile IPv6 services or not. Thus,the present invention can be applied to the technical field oftelecommunication in a packet-switched data communication network, orparticularly to the technical field for controlling communication of amobile node with multiple access interfaces.

1. A mobile node implementing Mobile IP and being movable, comprising: aplurality of network interfaces; means for choosing one of addressesconfigured on the plurality of network interfaces as a home address;means for associating an address configured on another interface whichis different from the interface of the chosen address as the homeaddress, with a care-of for the home address; and means for sending amessage including information on a binding between the home address andthe care-of address, to a correspondent node that the mobile nodecommunicates with or a home agent that manages the chosen address as thehome address.
 2. The mobile node according to claim 1, comprising meansfor inserting, into the message, information indicating that the networkinterface chosen as the home address is currently connected to a homenetwork.
 3. The mobile node according to claim 1, comprising: means forconfiguring a care-of address for the home address on the networkinterface chosen as the home address even if the network interfacechosen as the home address is currently connected to a home network; andmeans for inserting the care-of address on the network interface chosenas the home address into the message.
 4. The mobile node according toclaim 1, wherein the address chosen as the home address is an addressavailable within a wide coverage area, and an address configured on theother network interface chosen as the care-of address is an addressavailable within a smaller service area than the wide service area. 5.The mobile node according to claim 1, comprising means for determiningwhether the mobile node sends the message including information on thebinding between the home address and the care-of address or not whenestablishing a new session, based on an expected duration of the sessionor a type of data delivered on the session.
 6. A communication controlmethod performed in a mobile node with a plurality of networkinterfaces, the mobile node implementing Mobile IP and being movable,the communication control method comprising the steps of: choosing oneof addresses configured on the plurality of network interfaces as a homeaddress; associating an address configured on another interface which isdifferent from the interface of the chosen address as the home address,with a care-of for the home address; and sending a message includinginformation on a binding between the home address and the care-ofaddress, to a correspondent node that the mobile node communicates withor a home agent that manages the chosen address as the home address. 7.The communication control method according to claim 6, comprising a stepof inserting, into the message, information indicating that the networkinterface chosen as the home address is currently connected to a homenetwork.
 8. The communication control method according to claim 6,comprising the steps of: configuring a care-of address for the homeaddress on the network interface chosen as the home address even if thenetwork interface chosen as the home address is currently connected to ahome network; and inserting the care-of address on the network interfacechosen as the home address into the message.
 9. The communicationcontrol method according to claim 6, wherein the address chosen as thehome address is an address available within a wide coverage area, and anaddress configured on the other network interface chosen as the care-ofaddress is an address available within a smaller service area than thewide service area.
 10. The communication control method according toclaim 6, comprising a step of determining whether the mobile node sendsthe message including information on the binding between the homeaddress and the care-of address or not when establishing a new session,based on an expected duration of the session or a type of data deliveredon the session.